Difference between NC and CNC

CNC and NC machine both are automatic machines used for machining any metal with an accurate dimension. This machine work on the feeding mechanism in which we command the machine through the program to make it perform a certain operation. So here this article gives information about the difference between NC and CNC machines to better understand this topic.

Definition of NC machine

NC machine systems use a fixed logical function to handle a  machine tool or the machining process. NC specifies the control of the machine movements and there are various different functions with the help of instructions represented as a sequence of numbers. The electronic control systems drive the NCs. Although, We cannot change the function in the NC, meaning it is not programmable, due to the rigid wiring of the control logic and it is considered as hardwired. 

Definition of CNC machine

The CNC is generated by merging the computer with numerical control. SO how it is different from the NC systems? It uses internal microprocessors which are comprised of memory registers. The memory registers store various routines that ca successfully manipulate logical functions. So a machine operator is capable of altering the program on the control itself. This is very advantageous for the CNC machines.

Difference between NC and CNC:

• NC stands for numerical control while in the CNC called for computer numerical control.
• In the NC machine, the operational parameter can not be altered, while in a CNC machine, we can alter the operational parameters.
• The accuracy and flexibility of the CNC control are higher than the NC controls.
• CNC machines are costly and require more maintenance cost as compared to the NC machines.
• The NC machine, the instruction are given to the machine through punched cards, while CNC uses the computer for giving the input to the machine.
• In NC machine modification in the program is difficult, while in CNC machine modification in the program is very easy.
• The NC programs can only be modified by changing the information in the punched card, While CNC programs can be changed directly from the computer.
• NC machine required more time and expert operators for developing the products, on the other hand, CNC is fast and more automated and does not require much manual work.
• Except for punched cards, there is no other mechanism is available in the NC for the storage of the information, While in CNC uses computer chips for memory storage.
• The programs in the NC machine cannot be stored, In CNC machines, the program is stored on the computer and can be used again and again.
• In NC machine is not possible to run it continuously, while in CNC machine can be run continuously for 24 hours of a day.

Explore more information: 

1. Difference between CNC and VMC

Difference between impulse and reaction turbine

The main difference between impulse and reaction turbines is that all hydraulic is converted into kinetic energy by a nozzle in the impulse turbine and while in reaction turbine only some amount of the available energy is converted into in the form of kinetic energy. So here this article gives the main difference between impulse and reaction turbines to better understand this topic.

What is the impulse turbine?

In the impulse, the turbine changes the velocity of the water jet. The jet impinges on the turbine curved blade which changes the direction of the flow. The resulting change in the momentum causes a force on the turbine blades basis.

What is the reaction turbine?

The reaction turbines are acted on by water which changes pressure as it moved through the turbine and gives up its energy. They must be encased to contain the water pressure, there must be fully submerged in the water flow.

Difference between impulse turbine and reaction turbine:

• The impulse turbine only the kinetic energy is used to rotate the turbine, while in reaction turbine both the kinetic and pressure energy are used to rotate the turbine.
• The impulse turbine all hydraulic energy is converted into kinetic energy by a nozzle and it is the jet so produced which strikes the runner blades, while in the reaction turbine only some amount of the available energy is converted into the form of kinetic energy before the fluid enters the runner.
• In an impulse turbine, the watertight casing is not necessary. The casing has no hydraulic function to perform. It only serves to prevent splashing and guide water to the tailrace. But in the reaction turbine, the runner must be enclosed within a watertight casing.
• The impulse turbine doesn't run full and air has free access to a bucket, while in reaction turbine water completely fills at the passes between the blades and while flowing between the inlet and outlet section does work on the blades.
• In Impulse, turbine water is admitted only in the form of jets. There may be one or more jet striking the equal number of buckets simultaneously but in reaction turbines, the water is admitted over the entire circumference of the runner.
• Impulse turbine has a high operating speed, while in reaction turbine has a low operating speed.
• In an impulse, the turbine is always installed above the tailrace and there is no draft tube used, while in reaction turbine is generally connected to the grade to the tailrace through a draft tube which is a gradually expanding passage. It may be installed below or above the tailrace.
• In an impulse turbine, the pressure of the water remains unchanged and is equal to the atmospheric pressure during the process, while in reaction turbine the pressure of the water is reducing after passing through vanes.
• For the same power development, the number of stages required in an impulse turbine is way less when compared to the number of stages required in the reaction turbine.
• Impulse turbine has less maintenance work where the reaction turbine has high maintenance work.
• Impulse turbine is used for steam propulsion of ship and submarines, electricity generation and for cargo operation on ship and refineries. While in reaction turbine is mainly used for electricity generation.
• Example of the Impulse turbine is a Pelton wheel, Banki turbine, on the other hand, the reaction turbine is Francis turbine, Kaplan and propeller turbine, Deriaz turbine, Fourneyron, tubular turbine, etc.
• In an impulse turbine, relative velocity of fluids remains fairly same across the blades, while in reaction turbine relative velocity of a fluid increases gradually across the blades.
• The degree of reaction is 0 in impulse turbine, while in reaction turbine the degree of reaction between 0 and 1.

Explore more information:

1. Difference Between Cutting Speed and Cutting Velocity

Difference between synchromesh gearbox and constant mesh gearbox

The synchromesh gearbox is used to engage also to disengage gear but in constant mesh, gearbox used to engage and disengage gears. So here this article gives information about the main key difference between the synchromesh gearbox and constant mesh gearbox to better understand this topic.

What is the synchromesh gearbox?

In this type of gearbox is similar to the constant mesh type gearbox. Instead of using dog clutches here and also synchronizers are used. The modem car uses helical gears ad synchromesh device is gearboxes, that synchronize the rotation of gears that are about to the meshed. Its working is similar to the constant mesh type, but in the former, there is a definite improvement.

What is constant mesh gearbox?

The constant-mesh gearbox is a type of transmission in which all or most of the gears are always in mesh types with one to another, as opposed to a sliding gear transmission, in which engagement is obtained by some sliding of the gears along a shaft into the mesh. In this gearbox gear ratios are selected by small clutches that is connect the various gear sets to their shafts so that power is transmitted through them.

Difference between the synchromesh gearbox and constant mesh gearbox:

• Synchronizers are used to engage and disengage gears in synchromesh gearbox. Whereas dog clutches are used to engage and disengage gears. 
• Synchronizer gearbox will be no slip in the case of the synchromesh gearbox. While in slip takes place in the constant mesh gearbox.
• The locking action was fully satisfied by the synchromesh gearbox. The locking action was partially satisfied by constant mesh gearbox. 

Difference between shaper and planner machine

The main difference between shaper and planer is that in shaper machine workpiece is fixed at the table and tool is in reciprocating motion which rubs the workpiece and cut unwanted metal. While in planner machine tool acts like a stationary body and workpiece move over it. It is used for large size workpieces. There are many other differences which are described below. So here this article gives the main key difference between the shaper and planer machine to better understand this topic.

What is the shaper machine?

Shaper machine is defined as the process of removing the material from the surface of the workpiece, fixed in the machine vice by a single-point cutting tool that reciprocates in linear motion across the workpiece. The material removed from the workpiece will be horizontal, vertical, and angular planes by the single point cutting tools.

What is the planner machine?

Planner machine is defined as the process of removing the material from the surface of the workpiece, by mean of tool which is fixed and the workpiece reciprocates along with it. As it is also using a single-point cutting tool, but the machinery is large compared to a shaper machine and can machine large components.

Difference between  shaper and planner machine:

• Shaper machine is traditionally a small machine ad preferred for smaller jobs. Whereas the planner machine is larger and can accommodate the heavier and larger job. Job as a large as 7 meters wide and twice long can be machined on a planer. 
• Shaper requires a large floor space, while the planer requires less floor space.
• It is possible for a shaper to make light cuts and finer feed. While it is possible for a planer to make heavier cuts and coarse feed.
• Tools used in shapers are lighter and smaller, whereas tools used in planers are heavier, stronger, and larger.
• Shaper, workpiece imparts cutting motion, while cutting tool gives feed motion, on the other hand, planer, the workpiece imparts feed motion while cutting tool gives cutting motion.
• Shaper has a lower rate of power consumption, the planer has a high rate of power consumption.
• Shaper machine work is held stationary and the cutting tool on the ram is pushed back and forth over the work. While in the planer machine the tool is stationary and workpiece travel back and both under the tool.
• In the planner machine, multiple tooling permits machining of more than one surface at a time whereas only one tool is used on a shaper.
• The planner has a comparatively high machining accuracy when compared to the shaper.
• Shaper Machine, cutting, and return speeds vary throughout the strokes, while in the planer machine, cutting and return speeds are uniform throughout the strokes.
• Shaper is simple in construction and less rigid, while the planer is very robust and rigid in construction.
• Shaper machine work setting requires less skill and less time whereas in the planer machine, work setting requires specialized skill ad more time.
• The shaper uses a quick return mechanism to drive them ram. In morden shaper machine, the hydraulic drive is also used, while in planer is given by gear or hydraulic arrangement.
• Shaper has only one cutting tool that can be used at a time, the planer has a facility to accommodate multiple tools and simultaneously use all of them.
• A shaper machine is not suitable for machining small and medium-size work, one or few at a time, a planer is usually not suitable for matching the small and medium size of work, one or few at a time.
• Shaper provides low MRR, thus shaping is less productive, the planner has longer stroke length and can take heavy cuts therefore MRR is high and the operation is productive.

Difference between reversible and irreversible process

A reversible process is a process the system can be is thermodynamic equilibrium, while in the irreversible process is a thermodynamic process that cannot be reversed in order to obtain the initial state of a system. So here this article gives information about the main key difference between the reversible and irreversible processes to better understand this topic.

What is a reversible process?

In a reversible process, the series of changes carried out on the system during that is the transformation from initial to the final state may be possibly reversed in an exact manner.

What is an irreversible process?

An irreversible process is one that cannot be retracted to the initial state without making a permanent change in the surrounding. Many of the spontaneous processes and systems are irreversible in nature.

Difference between reversible and irreversible process:

• A reversible process is carried out infinitesimally slowly, while in irreversible is carried out rapidly.
• The reversible process takes infinite time for completion, while the irreversible process takes a finite time for completion.
• A reversible process is a process that can be reversed in order to obtain the initial state of a system, while in the irreversible process is a thermodynamic process that cannot be reversed in order to obtain the initial state of a system.
• Reversible at any stage, the equilibrium is not disturbed, while in irreversible equilibrium may exist only after the completion of the process.
• Work obtained in this process is maximum while an irreversible process work obtained is no maximum. 
• The reversible process can be reversed, the irreversible process cannot e reversed.
• A reversible process is an equilibrium between the initial stage and the final state of the system, Irreversible process there is no equilibrium in the system.
• A reversible process can be made to proceed in a forward or backward direction. The irreversible process can take place in one direction only.
• Work done in a reversible process is greater than the corresponding work done in an irreversible process, while in work done in an irreversible process is always lower than the same kind of work done in a reversible process.

Difference between reciprocating and rotary compressors

The main difference between rotary and reciprocating compressor can be done on the basis of maximum delivery pressure, free discharge rate, speed of the compressor, the supply of air,  the size of compressor, lubrication system, efficiency, suitability, initial cost, working fluid, the cycle of operation, balancing. So here this article gives the information about the main key difference between reciprocating compressor and a rotary compressor to better understand this topic.

What is a reciprocating compressor?

Reciprocating compressors are meat intermittent use and when you need a small amount of air. These are best suited for a homeowner. Workshops, small business, and construction work. If your compressor is going to be idle more than about one of a third of the time, then a  reciprocating compressor is a probably better choice for your need and satisfaction because the rotary compressor does not fare well with downtime.

What is a rotary compressor?

Rotary compressors are for an application that needs continues to air. They are designed to operate non stop and produce a strong and consistent flow of air. Rotary compressors are a good choice for commercial as well as industrial users that have a constant demand for air. They are very durable and reliable in situations where they are put under a lot of demand. 

Difference between reciprocating and rotary compressors:

• In reciprocating compressor compression of air takes place with the help of position and cylinder arrangement with reciprocating motion of the piston. While in rotary compressor compression of air takes place due to rotary motion of blades.
• Reciprocating compressor delivery of air intermittent, Rotary compressor delivery of air is continuous. 
• The reciprocating compressor flow rate of air is low, while the flow rate of air is high in a rotary compressor.
• Delivery pressure is high in a reciprocating compressor, while the delivery pressure is low in the rotary compressor.
• Rotation speed is low in a reciprocating compressor, while in rotation speed is high in a rotary compressor 
• The reciprocating compressor needs proper lubrication and more maintenance, while in a rotary compressor required less lubrication and maintenance.
• The speed of the compressor is low because of unbalanced in a reciprocating compressor but the speed of the compressor is high because of perfect balancing in a rotary compressor.
• In reciprocating air compressor has more number of moving parts, while in rotary air compressor has fewer number of moving parts.
• A reciprocating compressor is used when the small quality of air at high pressure is required, while in a rotary compressor used where large-quality pressure is required.
• Reciprocating compressor due to the speed of rotation can not be directly coupled to prime mover but it requires reduction of speed, but in the rotary compressor can be directly coupled to the prime mover.
• The size of the reciprocating compressor is bulky for given discharge volume, while in rotary compressor size is small for given discharge volume.
• Reciprocating compressor required complicated lubrication style is required, while in a rotary compressor Simple lubrication style is required.
• Reciprocating compressor air is delivered from the compressor is dirty, since it comes in contact with the lubricating oil and cylinder surface. While on air delivered from the rotary compressor is clean and free from dirt.

Difference between air cooled and water cooled condenser

The main important factor to note in the comparison between the air-cooled condenser and the water-cooled condenser is the cost of purchase, maintenance, and installation. Here this article gives the main difference between air-cooled and water-cooled condenser to better understand this topic. 

What is Air-cooled condenser?

The air-cooled condensers use ambient air for cooling in the refrigerant cycle. These can often be seen outdoors, as they are commonly used in the exterior unit in the residential and rooftop cooling system.

What is Water cooled condenser?

Water cooling systems have been widely used for years, although they are also on the rise in small businesses and some residential applications. The system operates through a network of water coils used to transfer the heat from the condenser coil. These systems typically work in tandem with the cooling tower in order to circulate out the heat.

Difference between Air-cooled and water-cooled condenser:

• In an Air-cooled condenser, the initial and maintenance cost is low due to simple construction. While in water-cooled condenser cost high since construction is complicated.
• Air-cooled condenser used for low capacity, while in water-cooled condenser used for large capacity.
• An air-cooled condenser no handling problem with air but in water-cooled condenser difficult to handle.
• While the used air-cooled condenser fouling effect is low since no corrosion, while water-cooled condenser fouling effect is high due to corrosion inside tubes.
• Air-cooled condenser low heat transfer capacity due to the low thermal conductivity of air, while in water-cooled condenser they have high heat transfer capacity due to the high thermal conductivity of water.
• The hot air can easily dispose of in air-cooled condenser while in there is the problem of disposing of in water-cooled condenser used water unless the recirculation system is provided
• Air cool condenser operates on higher condensing temperature so more power required, but in water-cooled operate on lower condensing temperature.
• In Air-cooled condenser, the efficiency advantage lessens at part load condition, while in water-cooled condenser efficiency advantages much less due to additional cost of CT and pump. 
• In Air-cooled condenser do not require a sophisticated piping arrangement for carrying air, While in water-cooled condenser piping arrangement is required for carrying water.
• Air-cooled condensers required more power for the circulation of air and high power fans are noisy. But in water-cooled condensers require less power to the circulation on water.
• Air-cooled condenser refrigerant condensing temperature is higher due to dependent on DBT, while in water-cooled condenser refrigerant condensing temperature is lower due to dependent on condenser water temperature which is dependent on WBT.
• Air-cooled condenser life approx 15 to 20 years, while in water-cooled condenser longer equipment life 20 to 30 years.

Difference between galvanizing and electroplating

Some information on galvanizing and electroplating and their difference are discussed in this article. So now, first of all, we can check out the definition of both processes. Let us check out the difference between galvanizing and electroplating to know more about it. 

What is galvanizing?

The process of applying a coating of zinc to steel to protect it against corrosion is called galvanizing. The entire process is done through immersion of a steel product into a bath of molten zinc. 

What is electroplating?

The process of coating a metal with a thin layer of another metal by electrolysis to protect metal against corrosion is called electroplating. Electroplating is also known as electrodeposition. 

The main key difference between galvanizing and electroplating is given below. 

Galvanizing Vs Electroplating: 

• Galvanizing is specific coating of zinc whereas electroplating is various options of metal for coating. 
• Galvanizing is done just by dunking steel into molten zinc so no electricity is required while electroplating requires electric current. 

Difference between anodic and cathodic coating

Information on anodic and cathodic coating and their difference between them is given below in this article. Coatings are coating applied on metal to protect the metal and reduce the wear and tear. 

What is the anodic coating?

As we know the anodic coating is a type of coating material that uses anodizing to provide aluminum or any type of subtraction with increased thickness, color, and protection. This coating consists of the oxide film formed by electrolysis on metal, with the metal acting as an anode.

What is a cathodic coating?

While in the cathodic coating is a technique that reduces the corrosion of a metal surface by making that entire structure of the cathode of an electrochemical cell- that is the derivation of the term. This is typically accomplished by discharging current from an external anode so that the current flow through the electrolyte to the original anodic sites on the surface of the structure, rather than the aways from it.

The cathodic coating often classified and also known as electrophoretic deposition, e-coating, electrocoating, cathodic electrodeposition, anodic electrodeposition, electrophoretic coating, and electrophoretic painting. 

The main key difference between anodic and cathodic metal coating is given below. 

• Anodic means positively charged conductor and cathodic means negatively charged conductor.
• In anodic coating the base metal is coated with metal which is anodic to it, it is called an anodic coating while in if the base metal is coated with metal which is cathodic to it, such a phenomenon is called as a cathodic coating.
• anodic coating, it protects the base metal from corrosion while in cathodic coating prevents the metal from getting corroded.
• Anodic coating failure of this coating causes the formation of galvanic cells while in cathodic coating loses its strength, it causes imbalanced cathode and anode and causes corrosion at a severe rate.
• The well-known example of anodic coating is the coating of zinc on iron while the cathodic metal coating is coating tin on iron.

Difference between watt governor and proell governor

The function of the governor is to regulate the speed of an engine when there are variations in the load. For example, when the load increases, it becomes necessary to increase the supply of working fluid and when the load decreases, less working fuel is required. Let us have a deep insight into the difference between watt governor and proell governor in this article. 

Difference between Watt and Proell Governor : 

• Watt governor is the simplest form of a centrifugal governor basically a conical pendulum with links attached to a sleeve of negligible weight and the proell governor has the balls fixed at the endpoint to the extension of the links. 
• Watt governor is pendulum-type while the proell governor is dead-weight loaded type governor. 
• The arm of watt governor may be connected to the spindle by two way, the pivot may be on the spindle axis, and pivot may be offset from the spindle axis but arms intersect while in proell governor the balls are fixed. 

Explore more information:

1. Difference between an anodic and cathodic coating
2. Difference between galvanizing and electroplating

Mechanical Vs Hydraulic disc brake | Difference between mechanical and hydraulic disc brake

The function of both braking systems are the same but there is a lot of difference between these two brakes. Mechanical disc brake also known as cable-actuated brakes rely on a braided steel cable to activate the piston that causes the compression of brake pad against the rotor when the brake lever is pulled. Hydraulic disc brake used hydro or rather fluid uses a sealed fluid-filler system as a means of actuation. Let us have a deep insight into the difference between these two braking systems. 

Difference between mechanical and hydraulic brake : 

• A mechanical disc brake uses cables as a braking medium whereas hydraulic disc brake uses the fluid as a braking medium. 
• The mechanical disc brake is heavier in weight as compared to hydraulic disc brake. 
• A mechanical disc brake is less sensitive, requires more force to come to a stop and the hydraulic disc brake is more sensitive and efficient. 
• Maintainance is frequent in mechanical disc brake whereas hydraulic brake is the maintenance free. 
• Adjustment of brakes is easy in mechanical braking while complex in hydraulic braking.
• The hydraulic disc brake is expensive as compared to mechanical disc brake. 
• Hydraulic brakes give better performance for the same size rotor, but mechanical brakes are good enough if you are using a bigger rotor and set them up correctly.

Difference between air filter and cabin filter

Both air filters and cabin filters purify the air but their purpose is slightly different. The air filter cleans the air that flowing to the engine while cabin filter decontaminate air coming into the cockpit. It's important to recognize the distinction between these two filters so in this article you can check it out some difference between the air filter and cabin filter. 

Difference between the air filter and cabin filter : 

• The air filter is often a performance upgrade, while the cabin air filter is more of a health and safety concern. 
• The air filter is located in the engine bay under the hood inside a sealed box and is one of the important components of the engine whereas the cabin filter is located behind the glove compartment, under the dash and under the hood. 
• The air filter prevents dirty air from getting into the engine while cabin air filter blocks dirty air from getting inside the cabin. 
• Some old vehicle with carburettors has a big metal air filter that located in a round, bulky case made of plastic or metal whereas some vehicles have the air filter installed inside the HVAC case between the blower motor and evaporator core. 
• The air filter prevents the bugs, dirt, debris and contaminants from entering the delicate system of an engine and allows the only pure air in and the cabin air filter blocks all the airborne allergens and other pollutants from entering the ventilation system of the vehicle. 
• If the air filter is not replaced and allowed to block up, it can increase fuel consumption and place additional strain on the engine and driveline components whereas failure to replace the cabin air filter may cause a musty smell to emanate through the air conditioning system, and make car trips unpleasant, especially on hot days.
• Due to a bad or clogged air filter, the turbo life of vehicle gets minimized whereas cabin filter only passes to clean air to the vehicle. 

Explore more information : 

• Types of the air filter

Difference between welding and fabrication

Welding and fabrication both are two essential processes in the metal industry. In this article, you can check it out the difference between both of these processes so let start with the definition first. 

Definition of Welding : 

Welding is a process which usually involves metals or thermoplastics by inducing melting, which is distinct from lower temperature metal joining processes such as brazing and soldering that do not melt the base metal. Welding is essentially a combination of two pieces, no design, no layout or cutting.

Definition of Fabrication : 

Fabrication is the building of metal structures by cutting, bending, welding and assembling processes. Fabrication is the process of manufacturing or inventing something. Fabrication is making something while welding is only one operation performed during the process. 

Let us have a deep insight into the difference between welding and fabrication below. 

Difference between welding and fabrication : 

• Fabrication of metal refers to the build of metal structures and is carried out through a variety of processes such as cutting, bending, profiling, welding and assembling whereas the prepared metal from fabrication process then welded together using a variety of techniques and methods frequently involve arc, power supply in order to create an electric arc between electrode on the welding rod and the material itself. 
• The difference between welding and fabrication is that welding is a particular method of making something by using heat to join together the metal pieces, and fabrication is creating something and does not usually use heat.

Difference between CNC and VMC

CNC full form is Computer Numerical Control while VMC full form is Vertical Machining Center. CNC is a machine and VMC is just part of the machine. Now, let us have a deep insight into the comparison and difference between CNC and VMC. 

Difference between CNC and VMC :

• CNC having two axis x and z whereas VMC having three-axis x,y, and z. 
• We have to change the tool for different operations in CNC while an automatic change of tool is done in VMC. The tool changing process is done by a turret index in CNC whereas by ATC arm in the case of VMC. 
• CNC most often used for cutting metal whereas VMC is very expensive and at the same time are very precise. 
• CNC mainly used for turning inner and outer diameter whereas VMC mainly used for milling end and milling face. 
• Geometry offset in CNC is z and x-axis and only z-axis is for VMC. 
• The tool is rotated in VMC whereas not in the case of CNC. 
• In CNC, a turret is worked as a tool holding and supporting device while Magzine is used for tool holding and a Spindle is used as a tool supporting device in VMC.

Explore more information: 

1. Difference between NC and CNC
2. Difference between CNC and DNC

Difference between capstan and turret lathe

Capstan and Turret lathes are the advancements of the Engine lathes and centre lathes in which the tailstock is replaced by a hexagonal turret tool head with 6 different tools in the turret where the turret tool is rotated according to process requirements in each operation. The capstan and turret lathe although appear to be identical at the first sight but a lot of differences in construction, operation, and use. In this article, you can check it out some difference between these two lathe machines. 

Capstan lathe :

• Lightweight machine.
• These are usually horizontal lathe. 
• Turret head is mounted on a slide called ram which is mounted on the saddle.
• Suitable for bar work.
• The saddle is locked at a particular point and the ram is moved to provide feed to the tool.
• Only a limited amount of feed and depth of cut is provided for machining.
• The cross slide is mounted on a carriage that rests on bed ways between the headstock and the ram.
• The turret tool head is indexed automatically.
• Feed stop screws are used to control the distance of tool movement which is at the rear side of the turret.
• No such facility for moving turret at right angles.
• Feed rod gives for longitudinal feed.
• Used for mass production of small size equal part.
• It has hand-operated collet chucks.
• Heavy cuts on the workpiece can't be given because of non-rigid construction. 

Turret lathe :

• Heavyweight machine.
• Turret tool head is directly fitted on the saddle and both of them appear like one unit.
• Suitable for heavier chucking work.
• The saddle is moved to provide feed to the tool.
• They are heavy and durable.
• More feed and depth of cut are provided for machining.
• Some turret type lathes are equipped with side hung type carriage.
• To index the turret tool head, a clamping lever is released and the turret is rotated manually.
• Limit dogs are used to control the distance of tool movement.
• Some turret lathes have the facility of moving the turret at right angles to the lathe axis.
• Feed rod does not give for longitudinal feed.
• Used for mass production of large size equal part.
• It is accommodated with power chucks.
• Heavy cuts on a workpiece can be given because of the rigid construction of a machine. 
• These are available in the horizontal and vertical lathe. 

Related posts: 

1. Difference between capstan turret and engine lathe 
2. What is a lathe machine? Detailed information

Difference between drop forging and press forging

Drop forging is when half of the die is dropped from a height onto the other half of the die, that will contain the hot metal workpiece to be formed and is more suitable for mass production. Press forging is instead of dropping half the die onto the other half the two halves are put together and pushed together under a large pressure to forming the object. 

Main difference : 

The difference is that drop forming leaves the center of the metal not so hard as the outside, but the press forming gives more uniform hardness for larger components. We could also differ forgings from its temperature, such forgings are named cold forging, warm forging, and hot forging. 

Difference :

• The metal is shaped by means of a series of blows in drop forging while in press forging, the metal is shaped by means of a single, continuous stroke. 
• The pressure applied is impacted, and in multi-stroke in drop forging, while the pressure applied is slow, steady and continuous in a single squeezing action in case of press forging. 
• The deformation of metal is more at the surface layers than that of a center of the metal in case of drop forging, while it is uniform, simultaneous and deep penetrating at the center of the metal part. 
• The jarred impressions are obtained in drop forging while impressions obtained in press forging are clean. 
• The draft angles used are more in case of drop forging than that of press forging. 
• Tong holds are normally required for manipulating dies in drop forging whereas in press forging tong holds are not required. 
• The initial cost of drop forging is less as compared to press forging. 
• The drop forging is suitable for almost all types of medium size forgings and press forging is recommended when machine utilization is quite high. 
• The drop forging is a relatively slow process and has moderate production rates where press forging is a faster and higher production rate. 

Difference between open die forging and closed die forging

The method of deforming a piece of metal between various dies that does not fully enclose the material is open die forging. The metal is modified by a sequence of movements as the dies "hammer" or "stamp" material until the required shape is achieved. 

Let us have a deep insight into the difference between open and closed die forging.

Difference between open and closed die forging : 

• Open die forging is also known as free forging, meaning metal billets compressed under the external compressive force and deformed to desired dimensions in a freeway without forging dies while closed die forging is also known as impression die forging, is a process that heated by medium frequency induction heating furnace to high temperature and forced between upper and lower dies to get expected shapes like the drawing.
• Both forging processes are also different in the side of their processes. Moulding dies are firstly made for closed die forging, and then forged steel bars are placed on the dies and drop forged to desired shapes. In open-die forging, it involves enormous compressive force imposed by the continuous strike of a hammer to make the metal billets deformed. 
• Open die forging will require further rough machining due to its free forging and imprecise dimensions may be reached by second precision machining while closed die forging is more common in small parts for its high precision used to make forged fittings, forged flange and forged automotive parts. 
• The open die metal forged parts are more suitable for larger parts in a number of tons whereas for small parts closed die forging is preferred as high precision is obtained in closed die forging. 

Difference between hot rolling and cold rolling

One of the important processes in metal manufacturing is rolling, but there are two methods available for rolling one is hot rolling and another is cold rolling. It is a common misconception that these processes relate to a specification of metal or grade of metal instead, they refer to how metal is processed at the mill. Now in this article, you can check it out the hot rolling vs cold rolling and some key difference between them. 

What is hot rolling?

Hot rolling is the process in which rolling the steel at a high temperature which is higher than the recrystallization temperature of steel.

What is cold rolling?

Cold rolling is a similar process to hot rolling, the steel is subjected to further cooling process at room temperature in cold reduction mills after being rolled. 

Main difference :

The main difference between these two processes is the temperature in which they are performed. Hot rolling is under high temperature also called as above recrystallization and the cold rolling is under room temperature also called as below recrystallization. 

Some more difference between hot and cold rolling process is explaining below. 

• Hot rolling is the father of cold rolling which follows hot rolling. 
• Hot-rolled metal does not show work hardening effect whereas it shows in cold roller metal. 
• Co-efficient of friction between two rolls is higher in hot rolling it may even cause shearing of metal in contact with rolls and co-efficient of friction us lower in cold rolling. 
• Experiment measurement is difficult in hot rolling while it can be carried out easily in cold rolling.
• Heavy reduction area of a workpiece can be obtained in hot rolling whereas heavy reduction is not possible in cold rolling. 
• The radius of rolls is generally higher for hot rolling and it relatively smaller in cold rolling. 
• The very thin section is not obtained by a hot rolling process vice versa in the cold rolling process. 
• Hot rolling does not allow partial buckling of cross-section while cold rolling is allowed to have local buckling. 
• Mechanical properties are improved by beaking cast structure thus toughness increases in hot rolling and cold rolling increases the tensile strength and yield strength. 
• The hot-rolled surface is not good it has metal oxide on it while the cold-rolled surface is smooth and oxide-free. 

Difference between caster and camber

Definition of caster angle : 

The caster angle is the angular displacement of the steering axis from the vertical axis of a steered wheel in a car, motorcycle, bicycle measured in the longitudinal direction. In other words, it is the angle between the pivot line and vertical. 

Definition of camber angle : 

The camber angle is the angle made by the wheels of a vehicle, it is the angle between the vertical axis of the wheels used for steering and the vertical axis of the vehicle when measured from the front or rear. 

Camber angle is taken care of when designing the steering and suspension.

If the top of the wheel is farther out than the bottom, is called positive camber. If the bottom of the wheel is farther out than the top, is called the negative camber. 

This article is about the caster vs camber, what is caster angle, what is camber angle and the comparison between caster and camber.

Difference between the caster and camber : 

• Caster is the angle between the verticle line and kingpin centre line in the plane of the wheel when the view from the side is called the caster angle. Camber is the angle between the centre line of the tyre and the vertical line viewed from the front of the vehicle is known as the camber angle.
• Caster is the steering angle with respect to the wheel's centre and camber is the wheel's angle with respect to its centre. 

Explore more information: 

1. What is a caster?
2. What are toe-in and toe-out?
3. Difference between understeer and oversteer

Difference between understeer and oversteer

Understeer and oversteer both terms are both related to vehicle dynamics and especially wheel alignment. They are related to the sensitivity of an automobile to its steering. In this article, we can check out what is understeer and oversteer and the difference between them. 

What are Understeer and Oversteer?

When a car steers less than what the driver commands is called understeer and oversteer is the turning of the car more than what the driver commands. These actions depend on the changes in lateral acceleration and steering angle. 

Difference between understeer and oversteer : 

• Both of these are caused by the difference in slip angles for the front and rear wheels.

What is a slip angle?

It is basically the angle between the direction of the wheel heading or travel and the direction of the car heading or travel. 

• Understeer means lack of grip while oversteer means the front side of the vehicle has more grip than the backside. 
• When understeer happens, the driver will have little response from the steering wheel on the other side when oversteer happens, it makes the car spin when driving into a corner. 
• Understeer takes place when the vehicle's front wheels begin to plough straight despite turning the steering wheel and oversteer takes place as a result of the rear end of a car being fishtailed or sliding out. 
• Front-wheel drive cars are prone to understeer while rear-wheel cars are susceptible to oversteer. 
• Understeer most commonly happens due to early accelerating while turning in a corner so you can lift the weight distribution that takes the control off of the front tires and leads to the dangerous situation while oversteer is not something to be concerned about because it happens in everyday driving thus it could be dangerous if occurs in snowy, muddy or rainy conditions. 
• Applying more suspension or increasing the front wing can minimize the understeer and also tire pressure adjustment helps sometimes while you have to do the opposite to fix this problem you have to loosen the suspension or down-force to drop the grip. 

Explore more information:

1. Difference between caster and camber