The actual cycles for internal combustion engines differ from air-standard cycles in many respects.
The differences are following below :
The differences are following below :
- The change in the chemical composition of the working substance.
- The variation of specific heat with temperature.
- The change in composition, temperature and the actual amount of fresh charge is because of the residual gases.
- The working substance is a mixture of air and fuel vapor or finely atomized liquid fuel in the air combined with the products of combustion left from the previous cycle.
- Progressive combustion rather than instantaneous combustion.
- The heat transfer to and from the working medium.
- Gas leakage, fluid friction etc.
- The substantial exhaust blows down loss.
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