GATE Exam Information

What is the full form of GATE Exam?

What is the fee for GATE Exam?

Checklist for filling up the GATE Application form?

What is the age limit for GATE?

What is the full form of GATE Exam

Full-Form of GATE :

• Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering 

The GATE is an entrance exam conducted in all-India level for admitting students into various postgraduates programs in the field of engineering, science and technology.

The exam is conducted by a collaboration of 7 IITs (Indian Institute of Technology) ad IISc (Indian Institute of Science).

The seven IITs include Delhi, Mumbai, Kanpur, Guwahati, Chennai, Kharagpur, and Roorkee and one IISc at Bangalore.

Gate exam is conducted in many subjects are as follows :

• Electronics and Communication Engineering 
• Computer Science and Information Technology 
• Electrical Engineering
• Mechanical Engineering
• Aerospace Engineering
• Instrumentation Engineering
• Civil Engineering
• Mathematics
• Bio-Technology
• Chemical Engineering
• Physics
• Chemistry

Eligibility :

• Bachelor degree holders in Engineering/Technology/Architecture i.e B.E./B.Tech/B.Arch
• Master degree holders in any branch of Science/Mathematics/Computer Applications i.e. M.Sc/M.A./MCA
  

The examination is of 3 hours duration and contains a total of 65 questions worth a maximum of 100 marks. 

Each subject's test contains 10 questions that test the "general aptitude" (language and analytic skills), apart from the core subject of the discipline.

From 2014 onward, the examination for all the papers is carried out in an online Computer Based Test (CBT) mode where the candidates are shown the questions in a random sequence on a computer screen. 

The questions consist of both multiple-choice questions (four answer options out of which the correct one has to be chosen) and numerical answer type questions (the answer is a real number, to be entered via an on-screen keypad and computer mouse).

GATE results are usually declared about one month after the examinations are over. The results show the total marks scored by a candidate, the GATE score, the all-India rank and the cut off marks for various categories in the candidate's paper. 

The score is valid for 3 years from the date of announcement of the results. The score cards are issued only to qualified candidates.

Disadvantages of turbochargers

A turbocharger is the mechanical device that increases the flow of air in the engine, runs on waste exhaust gasses or we can say that it derives its energy from exhaust gasses that usually get wasted in the naturally aspirated engine. Let us have a deep insight into the disadvantages provided by the turbocharger. 

Disadvantages of turbochargers :

• The turbochargers of the cars which are equipped with the turbocharged technology have a short service life then the frequency of replacing turbocharger equals an additional charge of maintenance.
• Installation is a key component of a turbocharger's effectiveness, and not all mechanics are able to properly install one. If the mechanic even makes a minor mistake, it not only makes the turbocharger ineffective, it can also cause damage inside the engine.
• Turbochargers also can cause wear and tear on an engine and may also require an engine to be replaced sooner than expected.
• Because turbocharged vehicles are travelling at high speeds, any malfunctions may result in dangerous situations. While a turbocharger may be beneficial to those living in the mountains and having to climb steep hills, high-speed travel may cause a driver to turn off the road or crash into another vehicle.

Advantages and disadvantages of supercharger

A supercharger is an air compressor that increases an internal combustion engine's pressure or density of air supplied. This gives more oxygen to each engine intake cycle, allowing it to burn more fuel and do more work, thereby increasing power. Let us have a deep insight into the pros and cons of the supercharger in this article. 

Advantages of superchargers :

• No turbo lag, so good response for throttle.
• Turbochargers require the cooling system as it's in contact with exhaust gas this problem is not in supercharges.
• Increased horsepower.
• Good power at low RPM as compare to turbocharges.
• More reliable is subject to less thermal stress and mechanical.
• Superchargers come in three forms centrifugal, screw and Vane type. The vane and screw-type superchargers can deliver air at little higher pressures than a turbocharger.
• No special shutdown procedure is required with superchargers because they are not lubricated by the engine oil, they can be shut down normally. 

Disadvantages of superchargers :

• Less efficient than turbochargers.
• The biggest disadvantages are that they suck engine power simply to produce engine power.
• A supercharger can consume as much as 20 % of an engine's total power output
• superchargers are still the most cost-effective way to increase horsepower.
• Increased consumption, because it can not take advantage of the exhaust gas, but absorbs energy from the engine.

Supercharger System

Introduction of supercharging :

The supercharging principal aim is to achieve the twin goals given below :

1. Improved power output
2. Minimum exhaust emission

The power output of a natural engine ( without supercharger engine ) mainly depends on the following factors :

1.  Amount of air inducted into the cylinder
2. Speed of the engine
3. Quantity of fuel entered
4. Combustion characteristics
5. The thermal efficiency of the engine
6. Utilization of inducted air

The most preferred method of increasing the power output is by means of increasing the mean effective pressure. this can be achieved by supplying air or air-fuel mixture at a pressure which is higher than the atmospheric pressure because this will increase density. this will increase the power output of the engine.

This method of supplying air or air-fuel mixture higher than the pressure at which the natural engine did by means of a boosting device is called the supercharging.

The device which boosts the pressure is called supercharger.

The points to be noted in supercharging engine are given below :

• Supercharging increases power output it does not increase the fuel consumption 
• A certain percentage of power is consumed in compressing the air. this power has to be taken from the engine itself. this will lead to some power loss. however, it is seen that the net power output will be more than the power output of and engine of the same capacity, without supercharging
• Supercharging may lead to detonation, therefore the fuel used must have better antiknock characteristics
• The engine should be designed to withstand the higher force 

In practice, the racing car engine used supercharging. 

The most important area where supercharging is of more importance are :

1. Marine and automotive engine where weight and space are important
2. Engines working at high altitudes

Types of supercharging :

There are three types of superchargers used in supercharging :

1. Centrifugal type 
2. Root's type
3. Vane type

Methods of supercharging : 

1. Ram effect
2. Under piston supercharging
3. Independently driven compressor or blower
4. Kadenacy system ( applied to the two-stroke engine )

Effects of supercharging :

Before supercharging one should understand its effect and its effect given below :

• Higher power output
• Greater induction of charge mass
• Better atomization of fuel
• Better scavenging of products 
• Better mixing of fuel and air
• Better torque characteristics over the whole speed range
• Quicker acceleration of the vehicle
• More complete and smoother combustion
• Poor ignition quality fuel usage
• Smoother operation and reduction in diesel knock tendency
• Increased detonation tendency in SI engine
• Improved cold starting
• Reduced exhaust smoke
• Reduced specific fuel consumption
• Increased mechanical efficiency
• Increased thermal stresses
• Increased heat losses due to increase turbulence
• Increased gas loading
• The increased valve overlap period
• Increased cooling requirements of pistons and valves

Limitations to supercharging :

• Thermal load on the various parts of the engine increases
• The valve overlap usually greater it may vary about 80 to 160 degree of crank angle
• The engine internals will be exposed to higher pressures and temperatures, which will, of course, affect the longevity of the engine.

Advantages of eddy current dynamometer

Eddy current dynamometer used to measure the torque and power of the engine. It works on the principle of generating eddy current which opposes the change in magnetic flux. Let us have a deep insight into the advantages provide by eddy current dynamometer. 

Advantages of eddy current dynamometer : 

• Relatively higher torque under low-speed conditions.
• No size limit it can be large or small.
• It can be capable of measuring high power per unit weight of the dynamometer.
• It does not have intricate rotating parts except shaft bearing.
• The development of eddy current is smooth and therefore the torque under almost all conditions is smooth and continuous as well.
• Easy to control and operate.

Disadvantages of diesel engine

A petrol engine is an internal combustion engine made for converting heat into mechanical energy which is generated by spark ignition of petrol. Generally, petrol and air are usually mixed after compression stroke. There are four strokes in two revolutions of the piston such as suction, compression, expansion and exhaust. Let us have a deep insight into the disadvantages provided by the petrol engine. 

Disadvantages of diesel engine :

• Operating noise.
• Diesel engine employs a higher compression ratio so they must build stronger than the standard petrol engine it makes them heavier and bit more expensive to build.
• Poor cold-weather starting.
• The diesel-powered engine is costlier than the petrol one.
• Not sending the heat out the tailpipe.
• Repairing charge ( fuel injection breakdown ) is high than the petrol engine.
• Not high-speed performance as petrol cars.
• Increased demand for diesel creating high competition.
• The diesel engine is slower than Petrol ones.
• Need to change the oil, air, fuel filters.
• Need regular maintenance.
• No flashy high-speed performance as petrol cars.
• Some vehicles require manual emptying of water separators.

Disadvantages of petrol engine

A petrol engine is an internal combustion engine made for converting heat into mechanical energy which is generated by spark ignition of petrol. Generally, petrol and air are usually mixed after compression stroke. There are four strokes in two revolutions of the piston such as suction, compression, expansion and exhaust. Let us have a deep insight into the disadvantages provided by the petrol engine. 

Disadvantages of petrol engine :

• Torque is less and pulling power is less as compare to a diesel engine.
• Less mileage.
• Consume a high amount of fuel while running on low RPM.
• Overtaking might seem trouble without gear changing as torque output is less.
• Overall fuel efficiency is less as compared to a diesel engine.
• The service requirement is frequent.
• Less durability and strength (up to 150000 miles).

Are Calculators allowed in CAT exam ?

No, you are not allowed calculator inside the CAT examination hall. but from 2015 there is on-screen calculator will be provided to you in all the three sections.

But the level of question is not set hard for the calculator point of view. if you know the strategy to solve the question you will be able to solve without using a calculator. 

In CAT is mainly based on time management exam one can best in time management and best in to pick the right question he or she will do good in CAT. An on-screen calculator is a waste of time if you reach to a good number of question attempt. so, I will advise you to be really good at mental maths and seeing the problems through a different perspective.

Use a calculator when it is an ultimate necessity in CAT. for practice don't use the calculator at all.

what they have given in examination that calculator given below.

Entance Exam Information

1. Some of the popular management entrance exams and their full form
2. Some of the popular engineering entrance exams and their full form
3. Some of the exams conducted by UPSC and their full form
4. Some of the popular study abroad entrance exam and their full form

Some of popular study abroad entrance exam and there full form

ACT – America College Test

GMAT – Graduate Management Admission Test

GRE – Graduate Record Examination

IELTS – International English Language Testing System

MCAT – Medical College Admission Test

OET – Occupational English Test

PTE Academic – The Pearson Test of English

SAT – Scholastic Aptitude Test

TOEFL – Test of English as Foreign Language

Some of the exams conducted by UPSC and there full form

CSE – Civil Services Examination

IEST – The Indian Economic Service exam

IFS – Indian Forest Service exam

ISS – Indian Statistical Service exam

SCRA – Special Class Railway Apprentices

Some of the popular engineering entrance exams and there full form

JEE (Main) – Joint Entrance Exam(Main)

JEE (Advanced) – Joint Entrance Exam(Advanced)

SRMEEE – SRM University Engineering Entrance Exam

VITEEE - Vellore Institute of Technology Engineering Entrance Exam

GCET – Goa Common Entrance Test

KCET - Karnataka Common Entrance Test

EAMCET - Engineering, Agriculture and Medical Common Entrance Test

Odisha JEE (OJEE) - Odisha Joint Entrance Exam

NMAT UG - Narsee Monjee Management Aptitude Test (for B.Tech and MBA Tech courses)

KEAM  - Kerala Engineering, Architecture, and Medical Entrance Exam

UPTU SEE Entrance exam - Uttar Pradesh Technical University State Entrance 

Examination

GUJCET Entrance exam – Gujrat Common Entrance Test

Some of the popular management entrance exams and there full form

CAT – Common Admission Test

CMAT – Common Management Admission Test  

GMAT – Graduate Management Aptitude Test 

HP CMAT – Himachal Pradesh Combined Management Aptitude Test

JMET – Joint Management Entrance Test 

IIBF – Indian Institute of Banking & Finance

IIFT – Indian Institute of Foreign Trade 

IISWBM – Indian Institute of Social Welfare & Business Management

IBSAT – ICFAI Business School Aptitude Test 

IPMG Entrance Exam – Institute of Petroleum Management

IRMA – Institute of Rural Management Anand

KMAT - Karnataka Management Aptitude Test

MAT – Management Aptitude Test

MICAT – MICA Common Aptitude Test

MAH MBA CET – Maharashtra MBA Common Entrance Test 

NMAT – Narsee Monjee Management Aptitude Test 

RMAT – Rajasthan Management Aptitude Test

SNAP – Symbiosis National Aptitude Test 

TANCET – Tamil Nadu Common Entrance Test Exam 

UPMCAT – Uttar Pradesh Management Common Aptitude Test

XAT – Xavier’s Aptitude Test

CAT exam information

What is the full form of CAT Exam ?

What is the fee for CAT Exam ?

What are the age restriction available while applying for CAT Exam ?

Can I crack CAT exam without coaching ?

Are Calculators allowed in CAT exam ?

What is the full form of CAT exam?

FULL FORM OF CAT :

Answer 

• CAT - Common Admission Test 

Is there any age restriction available for taking CAT Exam?

• No, there is no any age restriction for CAT exam.
• Any number of attempt one can give CAT exam.

Can I crack CAT exam without coaching ?

No Coaching No CAT Not True

The one question that almost all CAT aspirants face at the start of preparation phase "How to prepare", "What to prepare"  and this question is tougher than the CAT question paper. but the question becomes scarier when the candidates are preparing CAT without joining any coaching Institute.

It is true that management coaching institute plays a vital role in keeping a candidate in a disciplined approach. but it is up to candidates to make use of the time and material to prepare for the exam.

You can crack CAT without coaching there are quite a few who do every year. coaching has advantages such that it helps one to be regular in studies, mentor to guide what to do and when to do, train us to solve sums in better ways, guide us with strategy, help us to be prepared psychologically.

But a lot of this can be achieved if you have a good study group which can help you and motivate you throughout your preparation so if you don't plan to join coaching, ensure that you form a good study group with whom you can share openly and help each other to crack the exam but ensure that the group you are with motivates you when you are down and does not pull you back.

Mainly in the CAT exam three sections to prepare :

1. Quantitative Ability 

2. Logical Reasoning & Data Interpretation

3. Verbal Ability and Reading Comprehensions 

For my point of view, English section is based on your reading if you literature lover and you have good habit to read new fiction and non-fiction books then I don't think you have to work hard in this particular section. but if your week in this section then you have to work hard to improve your English and make a good command on your vocabulary. this is scoring section for last few years this section level of difficulty is to be easy to moderate. 

Now we take another section DI and LR. 

In this section you have to deal with inter-prate with the data that based on a table or pie chart or any other point of view you have good to make speedy calculation required and well execution of data and in LR is based on all about logic. for the last two years, this section is a hot favourite in the paper setter because in this section once's true mind ability to check. so this is the most difficult section in CAT exam so my point of view you have to work hard for this section and get good.

In a quantitative ability section, first of all, you have to done with basic and then start to prepare all concept one by one. if you do that very serious manner and then practice some question on that you have face not more difficulty in this section. this section is moderate to difficult so don't take this section lite if you have done all concept do revise regular interval and continue your practice so you will also do well in this section.

So don't worry about CAT and about its preparation start from today slowly then pick up speed in middle be always with the positive motivation you always succeed in CAT. 

ALL THE BEST 

Some of popular management entrance exam and their full form

What is the fee for CAT Exam ?

Common Admission Test (CAT) is only entrance exam for admission in MBA and PGDM programs in Institute of Management (IIMs) in India.

20 IIMs and more than 136 management institutes participate in CAT.

CAT is open for all graduates having more than 50% in graduation.

• The fees for general and NC-OBC candidates is Rs.1600
• The fees for ST/ ST/PWD(DA) candidates is 800 for application of CAT exam. 

What is petrol engine

The first practical petrol engine was built in 1876 in Germany by Nikolaus August Otto.
The first petrol combustion engine (one cylinder, 121.6 cm³ displacement) was prototyped in 1882 in Italy by Enrico Bernardi.

In petrol engine mainly these process included :

1. Suction of air
2. Mixing of fuel with air after breaking the liquid fuel into highly automised
3. Ignition of air-fuel mixture either with a spark or by self ignition after raising the temperature of air by compressing it mainly this self ignition used in diesel engine.
4. Burning of highly automised fuel particles which result in releasing heat energy.
5. Heat energy converted into kinetic energy in form of reciprocating motion. the expansion of heated gas and their forces act on the engine piston, pushing them downwards result in reciprocating motion of piston.
6. The reciprocating motion of piston enables the crank-shaft to rotate and finally gets converted into the rotary motion and passed it motion on the wheel.

Working principle of petrol engine (Otto Engine) explained below :

The conventional Internal Combustion Engine operates on two basic principle :

1. Otto Cycle
2. Diesel Cycle

Petrol engine works on principle of Otto cycle so now let we know what is Otto cycle how and how it works? What is Otto Cycle?

Otto cycle is also known as four stroke spark-ignition cycle. It was named after German engineer Nikolaus Otto who invented first four stroke engine.

Otto cycle constructed in four stroke cycle :

• Suction Stroke : 

In suction stroke piston moving downward direction and opening of inlet valve that you see in above fig stroke 1. that opening of inlet valve enter fuel and creates suction of air and fuel mixture. this stroke of the piston begins at top dead center (T.D.C.) and ends at bottom dead center (B.D.C.)

• Compression Stroke :

In compression stroke begins at (B.D.C) or end of suction stroke and  piston moves upward and inlet valve closed. In this stroke piston compresses the air-fuel mixture in preparation for ignition during the power stroke. Both inlet and exhaust valve are closed in this stroke.

• Combustion Stroke : 

Combustion stroke also known as power or ignition stroke. while piston is at (T.D.C) at the end of compression stroke the compressed fuel-air mixture is ignited by spark plug and returning piston to the (B.D.C).This stroke produces mechanical work from the engine to turn the crankshaft. before start of combustion stroke the crankshaft has completed a full 360 degree revolution.

• Exhaust Stroke :

Exhaust stroke means outlet. during this stroke piston returns (B.D.C) to (T.D.C) while exhaust valve is open and the piston push the exhaust gases above them through the exhaust valve which opens during this stroke.

The Otto cycle is constructed from:

• Top and bottom of the loop : a pair of quasi-parallel and isentropic processes ( Adiabatic reversible )

• Left and right side of loop : a pair of parallel isochoric process ( constant volume )

The process are described by :

An Otto cycle is an idealized thermodynamics cycle that describes the functioning of a typical 

Spark ignition piston engine

1. Process 0–1 a mass of air is drawn into piston/cylinder arrangement at constant pressure.
2. Process 1–2 is an adiabatic (isentropic) compression of the air as the piston moves from bottom (BDC) to (TDC).
3. Process 2–3 is a constant-volume heat transfer to the working gas from an external source while the piston is at (TDC). This process is intended to represent the ignition of the fuel-air mixture and the subsequent rapid burning.
4. Process 3–4 is an adiabatic (isentropic) expansion (power stroke).
5. Process 4–1 completes the cycle by a constant-volume process in which heat is rejected from the air while the piston is at (BDC)
6. Process 1–0 the mass of air is released to the atmosphere in a constant pressure process.

Efficiency of Otto Cycle :

The starting point is the general expression for the thermal efficiency of a cycle:

The convention, as previously, is that heat exchange is positive if heat is flowing into the system or engine, so  is negative. The heat absorbed occurs during combustion when the spark occurs, roughly at constant volume. The heat absorbed can be related to the temperature change from state 2 to state 3 as:

The heat rejected is given by (for a perfect gas with constant specific heats)

Substituting the expressions for the heat absorbed and rejected in the expression for thermal efficiency yields

We can simplify the above expression using the fact that the processes from 1 to 2 and from 3 to 4 are isentropic:

The quantity  is called the compression ratio. In terms of compression ratio, the efficiency of an ideal Otto cycle is:

Ideal Otto cycle thermal efficiency

The ideal Otto cycle efficiency is shown as a function of the compression ratio in Figure 3.11. As the compression ratio,  , increases,  increases, but so does  . If  is too high, the mixture will ignite without a spark (at the wrong location in the cycle).

You can also know :

Advantages of petrol engine

Disadvantages of petrol engine